May, 2008

Over the last two years, South Korea's overseas borrowings more than
doubled, to $388 Billion. Nervous, perhaps, that Korean businesses may
be overextending themselves, the government is seeking to regulate such activities. Based on the way the forex markets
responded to the news, it must be perceived that borrowing abroad is
helping the Korean economy. On the one hand, if loans are denominated
in foreign currency and must then be converted to local currency, this
would exert upward pressure on the Korean Won. On the other hand, this
also requires more local currency to be printed, which fuels inflation. Much
of the borrowings are being undertaken by shipbuilders who are trying
to hedge their exposure to a rising Dollar. The Edge Daily reports:

According to one index, commodity prices have risen 40% over the last twelve months. One would therefore expect the Canadian economy to be commensurately strong. According to the most current economic data, however, just the opposite is true. Wholesale manufacturing sales are down for the second straight quarter. Non-commodity exports are also trending downwards due to sustained economic weakness in the US, Canada's most important trade partner. Continued strength in the Canadian Dollar is also to blame. In addition, Canadians are traveling abroad in greater numbers, while international visitors to Canada have dwindled to record lows. As a result, Canadian GDP is expected to fall close to 0% for the second quarter, significantly below the Central Bank's goal of 1%.

sOnly last year, the idea that the Australian Dollar would ever reach parity with the USD was laughable. Then, earlier this year, it became plausible. Now, according to an informal poll of analysts, it is not only possible, but likely. AUD bulls should look no further than the rapid surge in commodity prices, which may boost the total value of Australian exports by 20%, including a 30% rise in its commodity exports. In short, the Australian economy has boomed, and inflation is slowly creeping up. The consensus among economists is that the Royal Bank of Australia will leave its benchmark lending rate unchanged at 7.25% for the duration of the year. At the very least, it won't lower rates, which is all analysts need to believe in order to get behind its currency.

Raise your hand if you've ever heard of the Hungarian Forint.  I didn't think so.

While the credit crisis has ravaged the economies of the US and the UK, the EU has largely been spared. First quarter GDP grew at a healthy annualized rate of 2.8%, helped by a whopping 6% expansion in Germany. However, a number of economic indicators now suggest that all is not well on the European front. Business and consumer confidence indexes are trending downward. Manufacturing output is down. So are retail sales. Spain, which benefited the most during the credit boom, is now reaping the greatest losses during the crunch, and could put a drag on the entire Euro-zone. One prominent economist is predicting that the EU economy won't expand at all in the second quarter.

In its semiannual report to Congress, the US Treasury Department once again did not cite China as a currency manipulator. For as long as the Forex Blog has been covering this issue, various interest groups have been pressing the Bush administration on this issue, since the label of currency manipulator would entitle Congress to level punitive trade sanctions. The premise of their argument remains that an artificially cheap RMB is responsible for the decline of the US manufacturing sector and the burgeoning trade deficit, which topped $250 Billion in 2007.

Yesterday's release of the minutes from the Federal Reserve Bank's April meeting sent shock waves through the investing community. The text revealed that the Fed Board of Governors has become significantly more bearish on the outlook of the US economy, as compared to sentiments expressed at the January meeting. The consensus forecast covering 2008-2009 worsened for all of the major economic indicators, including GDP growth, inflation, and employment. If the low end of the new GDP estimate ultimately obtains, the US economy will expand by only .3% for 2008. Fed officials went so far as to say that even by 2010, they don't expect rates of inflation and unemployment to return to acceptable levels.

After the G7 meeting, during which officials finally commented on the
"volatility" in forex markets, the Dollar rapidly appreciated over 5%.
Analysts had previously ascribed this rally to a variety
of factors, both technical and fundamental. For example, the Dollar was oversold.
The EU economy is faring worse than the US economy. The interest rate
differential has stabilized and may favor the US in the medium-term.
The Dollar will remain the world's reserve currency through the
duration of the credit crisis.

In the early months of 2008, the Icelandic Krona continued its downward slide, ultimately losing 26% of its value. Inflation is nearing 12%, the economy is in tatters, and there is a crisis of confidence affecting the banking sector. Having already raised interest rates to 15.5%, the Bank of Iceland was out of options. Perhaps out of concern that the turmoil in Iceland would spread to continental Europe, the Central Banks of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark were impelled to act. Their assistance took the form of a swap agreement, which provides Iceland with access to €1.5 Billion in emergency funding.

The Australian Dollar is rapidly approaching parity with the USD, having risen 12.8% in the year-to-date. In fact, it recently notched a 24-year high against the Dollar. The currency's strength is connected closely with the US-Australia interest rate differential, which currently measures a whopping 5%. While the Australian Dollar has always been a favorite target of carry traders, it has received a special boost from the easing of US monetary policy, which has turned the Dollar into a funding currency. The New Zealand Kiwi has also performed well, thanks to a benchmark interest rate of 8.25%. However, New Zealand rates are probably headed downwards, whereas the consensus for Australia is for rates to remain at current levels, or even to rise, depending on inflation.